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Linux Wi-Fi Setup Tools and Commands

by digipine posted Nov 02, 2017
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NOTE: NOT ALL CARDS/FIRMWARE SUPPORT ALL OF THE COMMANDS LISTED BELOW.

 

Note: To connect your Linux machine to a WLAN using WPA, WPA2 or 802.1X you will need to use WPA Supplicant

  

Connecting to an OPEN / WEP WLAN (DHCP)

 Note: replace [interface] with your interface name as required (e.g. eth1, wlan0, ath0 etc.)

 iwconfig [interface] mode managed key [WEP key] (128 bit WEP use 26 hex characters, 64 bit WEP uses 10)

  

iwconfig [Interface] essid "[ESSID]" (Specify ESSID for the WLAN)

 

dhclient [interface] (to receive an IP address, netmask, DNS server and default gateway from the Access Point)

  

ping www.bbc.co.uk  (if you receive a reply you have access)

 

  

Connecting to an OPEN / WEP WLAN (Manual IP Setup)

 Note: replace [interface] with your interface name as required (e.g. eth1, wlan0, ath0 etc.)

 It may be necessary to run some packet capture software (e.g. Ethereal) to determine the IP addresses of both the Default Gateway and DNS servers.

 iwconfig [interface] mode managed key [WEP key] (128 bit WEP use 26 hex characters, 64 bit WEP uses 10)

  

iwconfig [interface] essid "[ESSID]"

 

ifconfig [interface] [IP address] netmask [subnetmask]

  

route add default gw [IP of default gateway] (Configure your default gateway; usually the IP of the Access Point)

  

echo nameserver [IP address of DNS server]  >>  /etc/resolve.conf (Configure your DNS server)

  

ping www.bbc.co.uk (if you receive a reply you have access)

  

 

iwconfig Commands:

 Note: replace [interface] with your interface name as required (e.g. eth1, wlan0, ath0 etc.)

 iwconfig [interface] mode master (set the card to act as an access point mode)

 

 iwconfig [interface] mode managed (set card to client mode on a network with an access point)

  

iwconfig [interface] mode ad-hoc (set card to peer to peer networking or no access point mode)

  

iwconfig [interface] mode monitor (set card to RFMON mode our favourite)

  

iwconfig [interface] essid any (with some cards you may  disable the  ESSID  checking)

  

iwconfig [interface] essid �your ssid_here� (configure ESSID for network)

  

iwconfig [interface] key 1111-1111-1111-1111 (set 128 bit WEP key)

  

iwconfig [interface] key 11111111 (set 64 bit WEP key)

  

iwconfig [interface] key s:mykey (set key as an ASCII string)

  

iwconfig [interface] key off (disable WEP key)

  

iwconfig [interface] key open (sets open mode, no authentication is used and card may accept non-encrypted sessions)

  

iwconfig [interface] channel [channel no.] (set a channel 1-14)

  

iwconfig [interface] channel auto (automatic channel selection)

  

iwconfig [interface] freq 2.422G (channels can also be specified in GHz)

  

iwconfig [interface] ap 11:11:11:11:11:11 (Force card to register AP address)

  

iwconfig [interface] rate 11M (card will use the rate specified)

  

iwconfig [interface] rate auto (select automatic rate)

  

iwconfig [interface] rate auto 5.5M (card will use the rate specified and any rate below as required)

 

  

ifconfig Commands:

 Note: replace [interface] with your interface name as required (e.g. eth1, wlan0, ath0 etc.)

 ifconfig [interface] up (bring up specified interface)

  

ifconfig [interface] down (take down specified interface)

  

ifconfig [interface] [IP address] netmask [subnet-mask] (manually set IP and subnet-mask details)

  

ifconfig [interface] hw ether [MAC] (Change the wireless cards MAC address, specify in format 11:11:11:11:11:11)

 

  

iwpriv Commands:

 Note: replace [interface] with your interface name as required (e.g. eth1, wlan0, ath0 etc.)

 iwpriv [interface] hostapd 1 (used to set card mode to hostapd e.g. for void11)

  

When the monitor mode patch is installed as per the Wireless Build HOWTO the following commands may be used to set the card into monitor mode.

  

iwpriv [interface] monitor [A] [B]

[A]

0 = disable monitor mode

1 = enable monitor mode with Prism2 header 
= enable monitor mode with no Prism2

[B]

Channel to monitor (1-14)

 

iwlist Commands:

 

Note: replace [interface] with your interface name as required (e.g. eth1, wlan0, ath0 etc.)

 

iwlist is used to display some large chunk of information from a wireless network interface that is not displayed by iwconfig.

 

iwlist [interface] scan (Give the list of Access Points and Ad-Hoc cells in range (ESSID, Quality, Frequency, Mode etc.) Note: In tests only worked with Atheros cards).

  

iwlist [interface] channel (Give the list of available frequencies in the device and the number of channels).

  

iwlist [interface] rate (List the bit-rates supported by the device).

  

iwlist [interface] key (List the encryption key sizes supported and display all the encryption keys available in the device).

  

iwlist [interface] power (List the various Power Management attributes and modes of the device).

  

iwlist [interface] txpower (List the various Transmit Power available on the device).

 

 iwlist [interface] retry (List the transmit retry limits and retry lifetime on the device).

  

iwlist [interface] ap (Give the list of Access Points in range, and optionally the quality of link to them.  Deprecated in favour of scan)

  

iwlist [interface] peers (Give the list of Peers associated/registered with this card).

  

iwlist [interface] event (List the wireless events supported by this card).

 

 

Madwifi-ng Commands:

 

MADWiFi supports virtual access points (VAPS), which means you can create more than one wireless device per wireless card (the host wireless card = wifi0). 

 By default, a sta mode VAP is created by, which is MadWifi talk for a 'managed mode wireless interface'.

  

Note: replace athx with your interface name as required (e.g. ath0, ath1)

  

wlanconfig athx destroy (Destroy VAP, athx)

  

wlanconfig athx create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode sta (Create a managed mode VAP, athx)

  

wlanconfig athx create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode ap (Create an Access Point VAP, athx)

 

 wlanconfig athx create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode adhoc (Create an Ad-Hoc VAP, athx)

  

wlanconfig athx create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode monitor (Create a Monitor mode VAP, athx)

  

Changing modes:

 ifconfig athx down (Take the VAP down)


wlanconfig athx destroy (Destroy the VAP, athx)


wlanconfig athx create wlandev wifi0 wlanmode [sta|adhoc|ap|monitor] (Create a new sta, adhoc, ap or monitor VAP)

 

 Scan for Access Points (requires both steps):

 modprobe wlan_scan_sta (To insert the scanning module)

  

wlanconfig athx list scan (To list the APs)


 

 


 

1. 무선랜 Device 구동

  1. iwconfig 로 무선 Device 검색

    # iwconfig
    lo        no wireless extensions.

    eth0      no wireless extensions.

    wlan0     IEEE 802.11abg  ESSID:off/any 
              Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.462 GHz  Access Point: Not-Associated  
              Tx-Power=15 dBm  
              Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
              Encryption key:off
              Power Management:on
  2. 무선 Device 의 Bring up

    # ifconfig wlan0 up

 

2. 외부 무선 Device 검색

 

 # iwlist wlan0 scan

 

3. WEP

 

iwconfig 이용

 

인증이 OPEN이고, Key가 ASCII일경우,

 

# iwconfig wlan0 essid xxxyyyzzz channel 11 key s:testtest

 

# iwconfig
eth0      no wireless extensions.

wlan0     IEEE 802.11abg  ESSID:"xxxyyyzzz" 
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.462 GHz  Access Point: 00:08:9F:09:75:B8  
          Bit Rate=1 Mb/s   Tx-Power=15 dBm  
          Retry  long limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:4578-6365-6C74-6563-6831-3032-37
          Power Management:on
          Link Quality=66/70  Signal level=-44 dBm 
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0

 

 wpa_supplicant 이용

# wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -cwpa_supplicant.conf

 

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

 

network={

ssid="TestAP"

#scan_ssid=1 # Hidden AP 일 경우에만 설정

key_mgmt=NONE

wep_key0="testetetst"

auth_alg=OPEN

}

 

 

4. WPA

 

# wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -cwpa_supplicant.conf

 

wpa_supplicant.conf

 

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

 

network={

ssid="TestAP"

#scan_ssid=1

psk="testtesttest"

key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

proto=WPA

pairwise=CCMP

group=CCMP

}

 

5. WPA2

 

# wpa_supplicant -B -iwlan0 -cwpa_supplicant.conf

 

ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

 

network={

ssid="TestAP"

#scan_ssid=1

psk="testtesttest"

key_mgmt=WPA-PSK

proto=RSN

pairwise=CCMP

group=CCMP

}

 

 

 

 

6. dhcp

 

# dhclient wlan0

 

# dhclient wlan0

Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.3
Copyright 2004-2009 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/wlan0/00:27:10:2a:74:94
Sending on   LPF/wlan0/00:27:10:2a:74:94
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.2.45 on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
DHCPACK of 192.168.2.45 from 172.16.20.1
bound to 192.168.2.45 -- renewal in 17242 seconds.

 

7. Trouble Shooting

 network-manager가 동작 중 일 경우에는 Terminal에서 wifi Association시에 에러가 발생 할 수 있다.

이 경우에는 network-manager를 stop 시켜야 한다.

 

# /etc/init.d/network-manager stop

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